What is a RACI Matrix and How do I use it?

Key Takeaways

• RACI = Responsible, Accountable, Consulted, Informed. It clarifies roles so no one has to guess who does what
• No more “I thought you were handling that” emails. The RACI matrix eliminates confusion about ownership and accountability
• A simple but effective table, but it can prevent project chaos
• Not just for project managers. Any team juggling multiple responsibilities benefits from RACI

Understanding the RACI Matrix

If you run projects, chances are you have been in a situation where two people thought they owned the same task, and because of that confusion, a critical deadline slipped through the cracks.

May I introduce you to the RACI Matrix – A management tool that keeps responsibilities crystal clear.

RACI stands for:

• Responsible: The person who actually does the work.
• Accountable: The one who makes sure the work gets done.
• Consulted: People who provide input before a task is completed.
• Informed: Stakeholders who need to be kept in the loop but don’t need to weigh in.

In a 2022 study, 80% of companies reported having decision-making issues, and many of those decisions could have been helped by a RACI matrix.

Also called a responsibility matrix, it’s a simple but powerful way to assign these roles to tasks so that nothing falls through the cracks.

Whether you’re managing a small team or a complex project with multiple stakeholders, using RACI ensures that everyone knows what they need to do.

That means no duplicated efforts, missed tasks or deadlines, and fewer passive-aggressive emails.

Components of a RACI

A RACI matrix divides responsibilities into four distinct roles. Understanding each one ensures that your team knows exactly who is handling what. This also means no more “I thought you were doing that” confusion.

Responsible

The “Responsible” are the people who actually complete the task. They do the work, whether drafting a report, coding a feature, or assembling a presentation.

The subcontractors and tradespeople are responsible for using their skills and expertise to complete the work in a construction project.

Accountable

The “Accountable” person ensures that work gets done correctly and on time. If something goes wrong, this is the person who answers for it.

If the Responsible Person is a tradesperson, the accountable person is the general contractor who handles the business end and ensures the project gets completed.

Consulted

The “Consulted” group provides input before the work is finalized. Although these people aren’t actively performing the task, their expertise helps guide it.

The consulted group is the architect because they are consulted about aspects of the project but don’t actively perform the task. Their knowledge about buildings helps to inform the work that is done.

Informed

The “Informed” people aren’t involved in decision-making on a day-to-day basis, but they need updates on progress.

Often, this group comprises stakeholders, executives, or teams adjacent to the decision-makers who should know what’s happening but don’t need to be involved in the process.

In the construction example, the informed group is the client. While not installing windows or completing electrical work, they must be informed about the project’s status and when it will be delayed or completed.

RACI Benefits

If you’ve ever been on a project where work gets duplicated, tasks are left undone, or people blame each other when things go sideways, a RACI matrix is your new best friend. Here are a few of the many benefits a RACI matrix offers:

Eliminates role confusion

A RACI matrix removes the guessing game about who controls what.

No more vague emails with comments like, “Who’s handling this?” or “I thought someone else was on it.” Everyone has a clear role, which means fewer delays and miscommunications.

Assigns the right level

Ever had too many people working on the same task while another task goes untouched? A RACI matrix balances responsibilities so no one is overwhelmed or doing nothing at all.

Improves accountability

By designating one person as Accountable per tasks, there’s always someone ensuring things move forward. Accountability helps keep a project on track and prevents confusion over who is handling what.

Better decision-making

Clearly identifying who should be Consulted and who should be Informed prevents unnecessary bottlenecks. Decisions can be made faster because only the right people are involved at the right time.

Strengthens communication

A RACI matrix reduces unnecessary meetings and status updates because everyone already knows their role.

Stakeholders are kept in the loop, last-minute asks don’t blindside team members, and you can focus on getting things done instead of explaining what needs to be done.

How to Create a RACI Matrix

With all that explanation, it’s time to make one of these great project management tools. A RACI matrix isn’t complicated; it just takes some planning.

Follow these steps to build one that actually works for your team.

#1: Identify the tasks & deliverables

Start by listing out the major tasks or deliverables in your project. These should be clear, action-oriented, and specific enough that there’s no room for ambiguity.

#2: Assign roles

For each task, assign:

• Responsible: Who is actually doing the work?
• Accountable: Who makes the final call? (ONE person per task.)
• Consulted: Who needs to provide input?
• Informed: Who needs status updates?

Example matrix draft:

#3: Review and adjust

After drafting your matrix, share it with your team to ensure its accuracy. Nothing is worse than assigning someone a task they didn’t agree to.

Then, refine your matrix to prevent role confusion later.

Best Practices

Even the best RACI matrix won’t work if no one follows it. Here’s how to make sure it helps your team (instead of collecting dust as a forgotten spreadsheet.)

1. Cross-functional collaboration. Instead of assigning roles in isolation, build the matrix with your team’s input. This will ensure that responsibilities are realistic and agreed upon.
2. Keep it simple and clear. If your RACI requires a series of puzzles to be unlocked first, it’s too complicated. Stick with clear, actionable task descriptions and avoid unnecessary complexity or jargon.
3. Update regularly. Roles shift, and projects evolve. A RACI matrix isn’t set in stone, so review it periodically when team structure changes or responsibilities shift.

Mistakes to Avoid

A RACI matrix is meant to make life easier, but it can backfire if misused.

Here are some things to avoid when setting one up.

Overcomplicating tasks or roles

An overstuffed RACI matrix is just as bad as having no matrix at all. Each task should have one Accountable person, clear Responsible assignments, and limited Consulted/Informed roles.

Ignoring stakeholder input

If key stakeholders aren’t consulted when assigning roles, you’ll end up with pushback, or worse, a document no one follows.

• Before finalizing, check with team leaders and stakeholders to ensure realistic responsibilities.

Forgetting to use it

Introduce the matrix to your team, explain how to use it, and make it accessible. Don’t assume that everyone automatically knows their role just because it’s written down.

Uses in the real world

RACI is useful for more than just massive corporate projects. It’s also useful for any team that must manage multiple responsibilities, from startups to cross-functional teams.

• Project management: A RACI matrix helps to prevent project stalls and encourages faster decision-making with designated Accountable roles.
• Cross-functional teams: When different departments collaborate, confusion can arise over who does what. A RACI matrix helps marketing, sales, and product teams coordinate more effectively and avoid stepping on each other’s toes.
• Process improvement initiatives: Standardizing workflows? Updating internal policies? A RACI matrix helps define ownership, so change actually happens instead of lingering in “discussion mode” forever.

Communicating with a RACI Artifact

Your RACI matrix relies on effective communication.

• Make it easy to access: Whether it’s a shared document, project management tool, or even printed, the document should be readily viewable.
• Use It to set expectations: When a new project begins, use the matrix to review the major responsibilities and clarify who needs to be involved.

Downloadable RACI Matrix Templates

Want to get started right away? Instead of building a RACI matrix from scratch, grab a free downloadable template to make the process easier.

RACI Matrix Template – A ready-to-use format to customize for your project. (Excel / Google Sheets)

Using a template saves time and ensures your matrix is structured correctly from the start.

Next Steps

A RACI matrix might seem like a simple tool, but it can be the difference between a well-organized project and a chaotic one. When roles are clear, work gets done faster, communication improves, and there’s no confusion about ownership. Once you implement it, you’ll wonder how you ever managed without it.

Want more expert project management tips and templates? Subscribe to LearnPM today and get access to exclusive resources designed to help you manage projects more effectively.